Introduction
Jharkhand is a newly formed state of eastern India, it
borders with Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in the west Bihar in the north, Odisha
in the south and Indian state of west Bengal in the east .it became an
independent state in the year 2000, after splitting from Bihar. Ranchi the
capital is well known as industrial and academic city of Jharkhand. The name ‘Jharkhand’
represent the land of forest, it is a rich in forest and lakes and has a varied
flora and fauna. A number of river flows and it is a richest state in mineral
deposits. People of jharkhand
The state of Jharkhand is inhabited by a number of local tribal groups, comprising of over 28% of total people of Jharkhand. Inhabiting the state since ages, various generations of communities dreamt about, shaped and polished the cultural sky of the land.Jharkhand People hve different types of tribes communities in the state with over 32 tribal groups including Baiga, Bathaudi, Asur, Banjara, Bhumij, Bedia, Binjhia, Santhal, Oraon, Birjia, Birhor, Chero, Gond, Karmali, Parhaiya, Chick Baraik, Ho, Kharwar, Khond, Kharia, Gorait, Korba, Kisan, Kora, Lohar, Munda, Mahli, Mal Paharia, Sauria Paharia, Savar and Shabars.
Food of jharkhand
Dal, bhat and tarkari are an integral part of a regular Jharkhand meal. As a matter of fact, this trio constitutes the staple food of this region. In general
, the food cooked in Jharkhand is considered to be very light on the stomach and easy to digest. This fact can very well be demonstrated by the nature of Jharkhand food habits that have been imbibed by the native folks. Litti and Chokha also form an important portion of Jharkhand food.
The mouth-watering non-vegetarian Jharkhand food preparations like spicy chicken are also popular with a considerable section of Jharkhand. The cuisine mainly associated with this state also bears a faint touch of the robust Mughals which is vividly visible in the food of Jharkhand.
language
Jharkhand is home to a number of languages belonging to three major language families. Indo-Aryan languages include Angika, Bhojpuri, Khortha, Nagpuri, Sadri, Hindi, Urdu, Oriya and Bengali. Jharkhand is also home to the Munda languages, Kurmali, Korku, Santhali, Mundari, Bhumij, Kharia and Ho, and the Dravidian languages Korwa, Oraon(Kurukh) and Paharia (Malto). Santhali , Mundari , Kurukh, Khortha, Nagpuria, Sadri, Khariya, Panchparagnia, Ho, Malto, Karmali, Hindi, Urdu, Bangla etc are the most common languages. In whole of Santhal Parganas area Angika is the primary language for communication.Newspaper
Ranchi Express
Pratabab newspaer
Performing arts of Jharkhand
Dance&music
Musical instrument
The various dances are accompanied by musical instruments like drums known as Nagara, Oraon, Tamak which are conical at the bottom crafted out of iron sheets and the mouth is covered with buffalo hide. There are clay drums like Tumdak or Mandar which are covered with goat skin and Dholki made of wood from the jackfruit tree. The stringed instrument like Saranga and the horn, clarinet, banjo, flute, shehnai, dafli, cymbals and the Dhak are all manufactured in Jharkhand.
Jharkhand danceand music forms are a medium of expressing one's feelings, some story or any other event. Most of these folk dances in Jharkhand are performed by the local tribes. These dances not only reflect their mood or dancing talent but also bring into light their culture, traditions and beliefs.
- Damkach Dance
- Janani Jhumar Dance
- Mardana Jhumar Dance
- Phagua Dance
- Sarhul Dance
- Bheja Dance
Paika
Karma
Karma is a very popular folk dance of India. Though the folk dance is performed in other states such as Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, it can be enjoyed the best in Jharkhand. The folk dance is performed in the month of August during the Karma festival.
Santhal
Santhal is a very popular folk dance of Jharkhand. It is a group dance performed by Santhal tribes of Jharkhand. This dance was performed by the Santhal tribes during all special festivals and occasions. This dance not only reveals the culture or traditions of the local tribes but also showcases the strength of unity.
This is a famous tribal dance performed mainly during the night in any open space, field or ground. Since the characters in the dance depict various Gods the dancers maintain the sacredness and sanctity by taking a bath and doing pooja before a performance. Surrounding the dance area fire poles called Mashaal are fixed around the dance area for lighting purposes though they have now been replaced by electric lights in urban areas. Huge colourful masks called Chhou masks made of paper mache are worn by the dancers and the dance is generally in the form of a Nritya Natika or dance drama. Mythological stories from the Ramayana and Mahabharata are enacted accompanied by traditional instruments like Nagara drums, flute etc.
This dance is performed on festival and special occasions by the Santhal tribes showcasing their strength of unity and pride. The dancers wear colourful costumes of dhoti and turban and decorate their body with various species of flora. They design their clothes and use branches, leaves and flowers along with their clothes as the Santhals are said to be close to nature. The dance depicts in mime form the hunt with bows and arrows, stalking and killing the animal.
This dance is performed by the Oraon community generally in the month of Baisakh (April – May) in an Akhada or performing area. Prayers are offered to Mother Earth for a good monsoon so that a rich harvest may be secured.
This dance is performed by the women of the Nagpuri and Santhal communities during all festivities and occasions especially during the harvest season.
It is a semi martial art form performed by the men of the Nagpuri and Southern tribes. The musical instruments used for this dance are Dhol, Nagara, Shenai, Kartal and Jhanj. Some female dancers known as Nachnis also join this dance along with the men.
This is a traditional dance performed by the women in the bridegroom’s house when the ‘baraat’ party has gone to the bride’s house. Through satiric songs they crack jokes while moving in circles.
This dance is performed by men during wedding ceremonies wearing loose horse puppets around their waists and they dance to the rhythmic beats of the folk instruments.
These are one of the oldest tribal paintings in India and due to their appearance they are also called scroll paintings. Artisans from the Paitkar community use natural colour
and vermillion to paint on soiled or used papers. The hair of a goat or the help of a needle is taken to apply the colour. The essence of these paintings is found in the Garuda Purana.
These are generally practised by the Santhals in which the artisans make scrolls called Jado or Jadopatia and are drawn with natural inks and colours. They are used as visual aids in storytelling and are said to have magical and healing powers. They depict scenes of afterlife and the Santhal belief of tiger God etc
The various crafts of Jharkhand include bamboo crafts, woodcrafts, Pitkar paintings, tribal ornaments and stone carving. Being rich is forest and wood, Jharkhand produces some good craftwork from wood and related materials. Pitkar paintings and stone carving are other crafts that interest people across the country. Moreover, the tribal ornaments are unique and special and receives a lot of attention and also portrays traditional heritage of the tribal people. Toy making is another craft that is fun and the outcome is quite amazing. These colorful and gorgeous toys are given various shapes of bird and animals.
The handicrafts of Jharkhand are made by its different tribes and its craftsmen, which portray the rich tradition of art and culture of the state and its people.
Different categories of Jharkhand handicrafts
Wooden Crafts
Bamboo Works
Metal Works
Stone Carvings
Ornaments
Toy Making
Tribal Crafts
Jharkhand participates in almost all the festivals taking place in the country. The festivals celebrated in Jharkhand embody the robust and composite cultural heritage of our nation. Various communities of the Indian subcontinent celebrate as many as forty festivals with complete communal concordance.
The clothing of Jharkhand draws its inspiration from the tribes that belong to the state and have been living there for generations. Some of the most prominent tribes of this region are Santhal Pargana, which dominates the way, the women dress in this region.
Tribal girls of jharkhand getting self defense martial art training .
Chhou dance
This is a famous tribal dance performed mainly during the night in any open space, field or ground. Since the characters in the dance depict various Gods the dancers maintain the sacredness and sanctity by taking a bath and doing pooja before a performance. Surrounding the dance area fire poles called Mashaal are fixed around the dance area for lighting purposes though they have now been replaced by electric lights in urban areas. Huge colourful masks called Chhou masks made of paper mache are worn by the dancers and the dance is generally in the form of a Nritya Natika or dance drama. Mythological stories from the Ramayana and Mahabharata are enacted accompanied by traditional instruments like Nagara drums, flute etc.Hunta
This dance is performed on festival and special occasions by the Santhal tribes showcasing their strength of unity and pride. The dancers wear colourful costumes of dhoti and turban and decorate their body with various species of flora. They design their clothes and use branches, leaves and flowers along with their clothes as the Santhals are said to be close to nature. The dance depicts in mime form the hunt with bows and arrows, stalking and killing the animal.Barao
This dance is performed by the Oraon community generally in the month of Baisakh (April – May) in an Akhada or performing area. Prayers are offered to Mother Earth for a good monsoon so that a rich harvest may be secured. Jhenana Jhumur
Mardani Jhumur
It is a semi martial art form performed by the men of the Nagpuri and Southern tribes. The musical instruments used for this dance are Dhol, Nagara, Shenai, Kartal and Jhanj. Some female dancers known as Nachnis also join this dance along with the men.Jhitka and Danga
This dance is performed by men and women and the headgear and costume worn are similar to those of the Paika dance. This dance expresses happiness and joy and celebrates different feudal traditions.
Lahasuya
This dance is generally performed by men and women as a call to rain specially when there is a drought. It is accompanied by the madol or tumdak the double sided barrel drum.
Domkach
Ghora naach
This dance is performed by men during wedding ceremonies wearing loose horse puppets around their waists and they dance to the rhythmic beats of the folk instruments. Jharkahnd art
Paintings
Folk Paintings or Paitkar
These are one of the oldest tribal paintings in India and due to their appearance they are also called scroll paintings. Artisans from the Paitkar community use natural colour and vermillion to paint on soiled or used papers. The hair of a goat or the help of a needle is taken to apply the colour. The essence of these paintings is found in the Garuda Purana.
Jadopatia Paintings
These are generally practised by the Santhals in which the artisans make scrolls called Jado or Jadopatia and are drawn with natural inks and colours. They are used as visual aids in storytelling and are said to have magical and healing powers. They depict scenes of afterlife and the Santhal belief of tiger God etcHandicrafts
Jharkhand handicrafts
The various crafts of Jharkhand include bamboo crafts, woodcrafts, Pitkar paintings, tribal ornaments and stone carving. Being rich is forest and wood, Jharkhand produces some good craftwork from wood and related materials. Pitkar paintings and stone carving are other crafts that interest people across the country. Moreover, the tribal ornaments are unique and special and receives a lot of attention and also portrays traditional heritage of the tribal people. Toy making is another craft that is fun and the outcome is quite amazing. These colorful and gorgeous toys are given various shapes of bird and animals.The handicrafts of Jharkhand are made by its different tribes and its craftsmen, which portray the rich tradition of art and culture of the state and its people.
Different categories of Jharkhand handicrafts
Wooden Crafts
Bamboo Works
Metal Works
Stone Carvings
Ornaments
Toy Making
Tribal Crafts
Festivals
Jharkhand participates in almost all the festivals taking place in the country. The festivals celebrated in Jharkhand embody the robust and composite cultural heritage of our nation. Various communities of the Indian subcontinent celebrate as many as forty festivals with complete communal concordance.
Name of festivals are :-
Karma
Sohrai
Sarhul
Holi
Diwali
Ramnavmi
Dussherra
Basant panchami
Chhath puja
Jityya bhaiya dooj
Eid-ul-fitr
Eid-ul-adha
Muharrum
Karma
Sohrai
Sarhul
Holi
Diwali
Ramnavmi
Dussherra
Basant panchami
Chhath puja
Jityya bhaiya dooj
Eid-ul-fitr
Eid-ul-adha
Muharrum
Tradition
clothes -
The clothing of Jharkhand draws its inspiration from the tribes that belong to the state and have been living there for generations. Some of the most prominent tribes of this region are Santhal Pargana, which dominates the way, the women dress in this region.
The basic tradition of costume goes back to a similar sari and blouse. These sarees have the traditional imprints of the tribes and are made of basic cotton fabric.The traditional costumes of the tribal women are the Panchi, a rectangular piece of cloth about 3 metres in length, which is tucked at the waist, and the Parhan, the upper garment. The prints in these costumes depict the stories of various tribal stories, culture and art.
Demographic
Population -32,988,134
Male population -16,930,315
Female population-16,057,819
literacy-66.40%
Male literacy-76.84%
Female literacy-52.04%
Male population -16,930,315
Female population-16,057,819
literacy-66.40%
Male literacy-76.84%
Female literacy-52.04%
Martial arts
Tribal girls of jharkhand getting self defense martial art training .
Famous Personality
- Mahendra Singh Dhoni
- Deepika kumari
- R. Madhavan
- Tansuhree dutta
- Vikram Singh
famous monuments
Kanke dam
Garga dam
Chas
Russi mody centre of excellence
Maithom dam
Palamu fort
